An ocean engineer researches, designs, and builds various types of marine equipment. Professionals utilize their knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of seawater to solve problems related to ocean research and transportation. An ocean engineer might specialize in designing ships, complex measuring instruments, oil rigs, or large systems used to desalinate seawater or provide hydroelectric power. Engineers work in many different industries and settings, including oil companies, environmental protection agencies, and military branches.
Ocean engineers usually work in offices or laboratories, researching different types of existing marine equipment and determining the need for new technology. Working with a team of other marine specialists, an ocean engineer creates blueprints and schematics for new equipment and vehicles using computer-aided design (CAD) software. He or she puts designs through simulated computer tests to determine their effectiveness, and then oversees the construction of models and prototypes. Once a design is approved, the engineer helps to coordinate large-scale manufacture.
Many professionals engage in the research and development of instruments that are used to test ocean depths, composition, and temperature. An engineer who works for a private company might be involved in the construction of new ships and ports, while an engineer employed by a government or military agency might design submarines, radar systems, underwater communications systems, or missiles. Most types of equipment or vessels found in the ocean were originally conceived by ocean engineers.
An expert who works for an environmental protection agency may be involved in the design of desalination plants to turn ocean water into potable freshwater. Professionals with expert knowledge of civil and chemical engineering might help in the construction of renewable energy plants that utilize ocean tides and currents to provide hydroelectric power. Other engineers provide consultation to shipping companies on ways they can reduce pollution and other risks to ocean life.
An ocean engineer who works for an oil company designs new types of oil rigs and suggests improvements to existing equipment. He or she investigates current technology and determines how to make the drilling process more cost-efficient and environmentally friendly. Engineers often work closely with marine geologists and oceanographers to understand the risks and benefits of drilling in certain areas. As in most ocean engineer professions, oil company engineers utilize CAD programs and other software to create blueprints and simulate test runs.
In most settings, an advanced degree in mechanical, civil, or chemical engineering is necessary to obtain work as an ocean engineer. Most master's degree engineering programs take about five to six years to complete. Licensure is required to work as an ocean engineer in many countries, and entails passing a series of exams that cover the fundamentals of the profession, safety regulations, and laws. Successful, licensed engineers generally enjoy many advancement opportunities, and some professionals are able to start their own businesses as consultants or manufacturing plant owners.